The Creation Of The Wall Of China - 1496 Words

The creation of the wall of China was the most spectacular construction project of all time. It is the most spectacular because of the amount of people who worked on it, the length of the wall, and the time period it was built in. The wall of china was built to keep the Chinese in, and the rest of the world out. It was built under the rule of emperor Shi Huangdi. The creation of the Great Wall of China was actually the linking of walls that were already built by other kingdoms. It was built after the unification of china in the beginning of the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC). It was a massive construction project in which a lot of time was invested, and in which many suffered. It was the most ambitious engineering project ever conceived. This extraordinary project could have never been built without the unification of China. Before china was unified, everything was chaotic and disastrous. Previous to the unification of china, I don’t think people could have come together to build a wall as such. China was made up of a number of states each fighting for supremacy. There were a number of wars going on between the different states and neither was successful. It wasn’t until the Qin kingdom rose and destroyed the other kingdoms. They destroyed most of the kingdoms but one was still left, they were called the Chu. They fought with them for about fifteen year and then they finally surrendered. They were ruthless and ambitious therefore the only one who could have unified China. TwoShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Ancient China898 Words   |  4 Pages History ISU: Ancient China Ancient China brought forth a myriad of advancements and contributions to society, the impact of which can still be felt to this day. The inventions of paper and gunpowder, two widely used pieces of ancient technology, have been adapted in the modern day to better suit the needs of the contemporary man. On top of this, the aptly named Great Wall of China has helped to advance the fields of architecture and engineering, whileRead MoreComparing Chinese Imagery And Art1602 Words   |  7 Pagesemerges. As villages and people become more settled, â€Å"discrete ceramic traditions evolve that show a distinctive Chinese approach to form, decoration, and technique, leading to the identification of more than thirty Late Neolithic cultures throughout China†(Heritage East Group, 2012). Chinese writing, lacquer, a substance that gives wood a polished finish and solidifies to form a hard and clear layer begins to be used in practise, with sculptures and pottery being produced. Additionally, animal themesRead MoreQin And Han Dynasty708 Words   |  3 PagesHistorical Research Paper China has had many dynasties, but there are two which stand out; which, are the Qin and the Han. Ancient China has had one of the oldest and longest civilizations in the history of the world. Throughout China’s history, China was ruled by powerful families called dynasties. Because of Qin and Han significance and impact on China, both dynasties sites are influential to Chinese history, but the Han dynasty had a greater impact on the history of China due to their significantRead MoreTen Kingdoms That Made Up The Chinese Empire898 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Chinese empire. One of these kingdoms known as the Qin Dynasty, was led by Qin Shih Huang; the first emperor of China. From his accomplishments, he was able to unify all of the Warring States to what is today known as China. Throughout his 35-year reign, he was able to greatly increase the growth of both cultural and intellectual. He was the emperor who built the Great Wall of China which still stands as of today. He is also well known for his work of the Terracotta Army; life sized clay statuesRead MoreQin Shi Huang Di As A Great Leader1190 Words   |  5 PagesChinese’s history, he has benefited China by many of his creations, but some see him as the emperor who killed millions and burned knowledgable books. Although, he only ruled for 15 years, he successfully united China after centuries of civil war and built an empire that has lasted to this very day, he is known as both a brutal tyrant and a great leader. He created a unified system of weights and measures, writing and currency, but used violence to take control of China which eventually killed many scholarsRead MoreGovernmental Systems of China1593 Words   |  6 PagesThe country of China throughout the last century has experienced a large and significant variety of governmental systems, from historical to contemporary. From the Manchu Empire which focused on Confucianism to the current Communist Party of the People’s Republi c of China, the government of China has changed drastically throughout the years, ultimately contributing to the country that China is today. It is significant to understand that the changes made in the governmental system were so drasticRead MoreAncient Chinese Culture Essay example1092 Words   |  5 PagesWhile the fertile banks of the Tigris, Euphrates, and Indus rivers were giving rise to thriving civilizations in the Middle East and India, the same was happening along the banks of the Yellow River in China. A civilization arose untouched by the outside world in parallel to those of Mesopotamia, Harappa, and Mohenjo-Daro. The Yellow River civilization not only mirrored the advances made in the other two civilizations but also contributed unique ones of their own. Due to China’s geographical locationRead MoreMing Dynasty And Its Strengths And Weaknesses1453 Words   |  6 Pagesarchitectures such as The Great Wall, The Forbidden City and the Ming dynasty emperors’ tombs. The purpose of building The Great Wall was to improve the defense and protect the China’s humongous territory. It’s very first attempt was in the Zhou (Eastern) Period (770-256 B.C.) built by the overlords. It was much shorter compared to today’s wall’s length and it was not a single wall, but â€Å"walls†. The second rebuilding was done by the first emperor of Qin dynasty linking the walls altogether and its sole purposeRead More The Ming Dynasty Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagesempire. They had the government, the military, and the economic system to prove it. At different points in time, The Chinese Empire was the greatest in the world, for trade, military, and other key factors in a society. The main reason for the creation of the Ming Dynasty was the collapse of the Yuan dynasty. The word Ming means â€Å"brilliant† and â€Å"bright.† The creator and first emperor of the Ming Dynasty was Chu Yuan-chang, who later changed his name to suit him and his new government. ChuRead MoreAnalysis Of The New7wonders Of The World1035 Words   |  5 Pages The New7Wonders of the world are amazing man-made creations that have been voted on by millions of people from 2000 to 2007. This list includes Chichen Itza, Christ the Redeemer, The Great Wall of China, Machu Picchu, Petra, Taj Mahal, and finally The .Roman Colosseum. Also, the Great Pyramid of Giza, was granted honorary status by the New7Wonders Foundation. Some finalists included the Eiffel Tower, Stonehenge, the Sydney Opera House, the Acropolis of Athens, and the Statue of Liberty. The

A Real Love Story In Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet

A Real Love Story Everyone wishes for a perfect fairytale ending in life, to meet Prince Charming and have a grand marriage, but people fail to realize is that in order to meet the â€Å"one† there must be trial and error. That process can be painful, cruel, and downright heartbreaking. To be happily wed in marriage with a significant other, people will have to date but ideally not at a young age. By developing relationships in one’s adolescent years it can be taxing on a teen instead of lighthearted. As shown in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet teenagers can have their impulses that naturally occur push them to make rash and illogical decisions, such as committing suicide. In the play Juliet who is a mere thirteen years old, and Romeo, who†¦show more content†¦Casey states, â€Å"‘In fact, teenagers almost cannot help but respond to the promise of a reward,’ Casey says, ‘It’s like they’re pulled toward it’† (Mascarelli). W hile wrapped up in the arms of each other, teens in a relationship with no communication will isolate themselves from family and friends. In the article â€Å"Young Love: The Good, the Bad, and the Educational† author Winifred Gallagher expresses her thoughts as she tells of a Romeo and Juliet-esque couple: Some saw a star-crossed couple who found understanding, joy, and maturity in each other’s arms. Others saw impulsive kids whose reckless passion cut them off from family, friends, and more appropriate interests, provoked mood swings, delinquent behavior, and experimentation with drugs, and ended in tragedy. (Gallagher) Gallagher paints a picture of a couple blind to the world yet the world can see them in full color. It is evident that teens develop unhealthy relationships where they believe they love each other when, in reality, two teenagers prematurely say ‘I love you’ to anyone as they think it’s mature to do so. In â€Å"Young Love: The Good, the Bad, and the Educational† the author provides information on teenagers, revealing, â€Å"Dr. Furman, a professor of psychology at the University of Denver, said adolescents’ lack of social skills and emotional control can make relationships difficult† (Gallagher). The emotions and feelings associated with adolescence may lead to miscommunication and several otherShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1696 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet as a notable representation of genuine hetero love. This theory intends to dig all the more profoundly into the issues of affe ction and sexuality in the play and investigate its inconspicuous underlying topics of homoeroticism and hazardous heterosexuality through a dissection of the film adjustments of Romeo and Juliet from the recent twentieth-century: Franco Zeffirelli‟s 1968 Romeo and Juliet and Baz Luhrmann‟s 1996 William Shakespeare s Romeo + Juliet. LoveRead MoreThe Greatest Love Story of all Time1303 Words   |  5 Pages Romeo and Juliet—the greatest love story of all time. What an odd thing to say about a play with one off-stage sex scene and seven on-stage deaths. Why would a book with such renown be removed from any list of great books? Some people may look at the story and say it holds immature values. After all, from a very straightforward angle, the story is about two teenagers killing themselves because they cannot have what they want. There is much more to the story, however, and by analyzing its originRead MoreRomeo And Juliet : No Greater Love?892 Words   |  4 Pag esNo Greater Love? Ah! Romeo and Juliet! It is widely regarded as a classical story of true love, but is it really? And why should we care about something written over four hundred years ago? Shakespeare’s representation of true love in Romeo and Juliet is still relevant today, because he manages to portray the complex, multi-faceted ways that humans display love in. This is particularly important to young people today, because like Romeo and Juliet, they can be led astray by their emotions, by physicalRead MoreIs Romeo and Juliet a Love Story?1391 Words   |  6 PagesIs Romeo and Juliet a Love Story? Immature love says: I love you because I need you. Mature love says I need you because I love you. Erich Fromm. Romeo and Juliet is based on immature love, and is not a true love story. Love is a great source of passion throughout the world. Though love is considered a good emotion, it can also be one of the biggest flaws a person can have. When one is in love, they will basically do anything to be with the one they love. They don’t care about the number ofRead MoreEssay about Thematic Complexity of Love in Romeo and Juliet1505 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent types of love in this world, thus there are many different ways of expressing love. What revolves around that love, and the many different circumstances, trials, and tribulations that a love might face can greatly influence the outcomes of that love. These trials and tribulations can also be seen as different literary elements when used in plays. When looking at Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, he used many different t hemes and elements to provide complexity to the love story. ShakespeareRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Love Essay1160 Words   |  5 PagesLove is defined in numerous ways. It is one of the first and foremost feelings that each being experiences throughout their lifetime. The simple word goes a long way, as it triggers differing images to people. For instance, there is the romantic love that many aspire to have. Additionally, there is also familial and neighborly love. However, as great as love is, the authenticity of it is what discombobulates many. Love may be the feeling that is life sustaining, but at the same time, it can alsoRead MoreSimilarities Between Romeo And Juliet And West Side Story1342 Words   |  6 PagesThe dramatized plays of Romeo and Juliet written by William Shakespeare and West Side story by Arthur Laurents both portray the primary themes of love and conflict. The themes love and conflict can be explained as love is a strong feeling of affection for another, and conflict is unfavourable disagreement upon an issue involving another party or person. This essay will identify how love and conflict is portrayed in Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story with the mutual similarities and differencesRead MoreThe tragedy of Romeo and Juliet1000 Words   |  4 Pages «The tragedy of Romeo and Juliet » written by William Shakespeare (1564-1616). The plot of the tragedy for the modern people can be fantastic, but the feelings so accurately and piercingly transmitted by author are real.  «The tragedy of Romeo and Juliet » is the story about a real, strong , no children’s love of two young people from two different feuding families, about Juliet Capulet and Romeo Montague, about two lovers who couldn’t live without each other. Only young, clean, Ð ½Ã µ Ã' Ã ²Ã' Ã ·Ã °Ã ½Ã ½Ã'‹Ð µ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð µÃ ´Ã'€Ð °Ã' Ã' Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã ºÃ °Ã ¼Ã ¸Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1479 Words   |  6 PagesHow true is true love? Is it a deep amorous, or could another common component be the base of one’s affinity? Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is taught to children as the symbol of love, immolation and sacrifice, but could their whole relationship be built off of sexual drive. The two youthful lovers stumble upon each other and instantly fall in love, but all the while talking about the physical attraction of their lover, but mention not a word of their other intelligence, compassion, bravery, orRead MoreThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet1040 Words   |  4 Pagestragedy of Romeo and Juliet† was written by William Shakespeare (1564-1616). The plot of this tragedy can be fantastic for modern people, but the feelings, which are so accurately and piercingly transmitted by the author, are real. â€Å"The tragedy of Romeo and Juliet† is the story of the really strong love of two young people from two different feuding families. Juliet Capulet and Romeo Montague are two lovers who couldn’t live without each other. Only young, clean, unprejudiced people such as Romeo and Juliet

Macau Pension Fund free essay sample

According to the Act 84/89/M, Social Security fund would provide subsidies or assistance for unemployed, sick and retired people. This was the so-call â€Å"the first tier of social security†. At the same time, SSF was positioned as a financially independent fund under the local government. In Macau, Pension fund is included in the SSF, and there is no separation between the management of pension fund and SSF. Instead, pension fund is considered as an expense from the aspect of financial management. All the working people, including non-permanent and permanent residents, are required to contribute to SSF in each month. If they have contributed enough amounts, they can get part of or all the pension fund payment after retirement. Since 1993, the government was gradually enlarging the coverage of pension fund beneficiary. So far, most unemployed or workless people, such as housewife, could join the voluntary contributions program. After certain periods of contribution, those people are also entitled to the pension fund payment from SSF once they are over 60. 2. 0 Current Problems As a financially independent fund, SSF is supposed to maintain the operation with the contribution as its major income. However, government funding has already become the most important income of SSF in recent years. In 2010, government budget and funding from gaming tax accounted for 92% of the total income of SSF (see figure 1). For the pension fund, many people stated that the pension fund payment, maximum MOP 2,000, is not enough under the high-inflation economy. Some academies also claim that the contribution is not enough to maintain the budget balance of SSF. After all, government announced the predictable deficit of SSF since 2014 and bankruptcy in 2020 without government funding, which cause the heated discussion in Macau. 3. 1 Insufficient Contribution According to the SSF regulation, a resident who have contributed to SSF for 30 years is qualified to get MOP 2,000 per month after retirement at 65. Actually the monthly contribution to SSF has been fixed at MOP 45 per person since 1998, which means the total contribution in 30 years would be returned in 9 months after retirement. Figure 1: Income of SSF in 2010 The contribution in 2010 only accounted for 5. 35% of the annual income of SSF and 24. 4% of the pension fund payment. In other words, the contribution is obviously insufficient to support the pension fund payment. The pension fund payment has been increased from MOP 800 in 1995 to MOP 2,000 recently, so as other subsidies and assistances. Therefore, the government kept increasing funding for SSF to prepare for the increasing outcome. Millions (MOP) Figure 3: Social security expenditures by SSF 3. 2 Insufficient Pension Fund Payment According to the poverty line set up by Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the people with an income level lower than half of median income should be considered as poor people. Referring to 2011 median income published by Macau Statistics and Census Service, people have income lower than MOP 5,000 per month should be classified as needy. However, the maximum amount of pension fund payment is MOP 2,000, only 40% of the poverty line. The payment is even lower than the minimum subsistence index for one-person family, which is MOP 3,000 after the adjustment by Macau government on 1 Apr 2012. In view of this, some communities and organizations have called for further raise of pension fund payment. 3. 3 Inefficient Management Rate of Return Percentage Inflation Rate Figure 2: Investment return of SSF balance and Macau inflation rate Given the enlarging funding from government, the balance of SSF have increased from MOP 1. 5 billion in 2006 to MOP 6. 2 billion in 2010. However, it has been shown in Figure 2 that the investments return of SSF balance is just a bit higher than the inflation. During the financial crisis, there was even a negative return recorded in 2008. By ignoring year 2008, there is still a downward trend of the return. According to the 2010 annual report of SSF, 72. 43% of SSF balance was deposited into local bank, the remaining proportion was entrusted to fund managing company for only low-risk investments. Under the fix-rate hedging between MOP and HKD, the interest rate of Macau is close to interest rate in Hong Kong, which is similar to US interest rate. Since the 2008 financial crisis, Fed has applied the ultra low interest rate and the interest rate is believed to be maintained until 2014. So, a 72. 43% of deposit in an investment portfolio is reasonably considered as inefficient. 3. 4 Irregular government subsidies In 2008 Macau government introduced the â€Å"Wealth Partaking Scheme†. Each permanent resident will receive the cash check issue by government and each non-permanent residents would received 60% of the partaking amount to permanent resident. The aim of the scheme is to share the result of economic development under the high-inflation economy. However, in some people’s view, the scheme has been considered as supplement of social security and thus expected to transfer the scheme into regular subsidies. Beside the partaking scheme, Macau government established the â€Å"Central Saving Plan† – to inject certain capital into individual account of all the permanent attained the age of 22 in the year. The government claimed that the plan is â€Å"the second tier of social security† and the plan will enhance the living security of retired people. Under the government regulation, people could withdraw the saving fund only when they are over 65 or in urgent needs.

The Lost World Of Tambun Ipoh Theme Park Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Lost World Of Tambun Ipoh Theme Park Tourism Essay Essay First of the chief attractive forces for the Lost World of Tambun is the waterpark, at the River A ; Beach Garden you can happen a absolutely landscaped beach surrounded by 20 pess tall twin waterfalls with two rivers fluxing into the pool.While you`re at the Waterwall Beach Garden, make certain you hit the moving ridges at Malaysian`s biggest moving ridge pool, where moving ridges can swell up to3 pess high at the Jungle Wave Bay.Refresh with a musical shower at the Musical Body Wash before heading to the Sandy Bay for an intense game of volleyball with friends and household, merely for a restful soak in the sun.Explorabay, specifically designed for your small childs, wholly supervised the small are given particular attention.Explorabay self-praises particular smaller slides and a large.The Cliff Racer injects a boots of epinephrine when your mine cart flies, India Jones Style straight down the velocity coaster at maximal speed.The Tube Raiders is a household favorite as you win d your manner down from the top of the elephantine slides.Adventure River, a more restful H2O drive sit back and loosen up as you gently float about in the 600 metre length river, go throughing the of course beautiful caves and out-of-the-world H2O features.Take attention if you will be greeted with moving ridges along the manner. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lost World Of Tambun Ipoh Theme Park Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Lost World Of Tambun Ipoh Theme Park Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Lost World Of Tambun Ipoh Theme Park Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Amusement Park, a portion from the dry drives for all ages.Enjoy the scenery while you dry off on the Dragon Flights drive, as get swing in the air in this swing-chair drive ; before you sail on over to the Stormrider, a plagiarist boat which will swing you to 180 degress for some knee-knocking, spine-tingling excitement.On the Perak Parade Carousel ; and travel on the Giddy Galleon for a perfect household sit off from the water.And make certain you go on the Adventure Express ; where you can sit back and allow this ancient locomotor return you and your household on a journey past olympian ruins, billowing Waterss and wild tiger Lost universe Hot Springs A ; SPA, The Lost World Hot Springs A ; SPA is the latest add-on to the of all time germinating subject park.The elements include Infinity Pool, Lost World Steam Cave, Crystal Spa, Top of The World Pool, The Geyser of Tambun, Foot Spa, Saphire`s Bistro and the Crystal Pool. Infinity Pool The eternity Pool unlike any other semisynthetic hot springs, it is specially designed to work as a true spa.The Infinity Pool can suit up to 300 people at one time and is surrounded by the serene and quieting sounds of the volcanic waterwall. Lost World Steam Cave At the terminal of the Infinity Pool is the Lost World Steam Cave.If you wan see the true watering place, the Lost World Steam Cave is great for those looking for a reprieve after long nerve-racking days.The Steam Cave which act a sweat room promotes the action of sudating where the toxins and through the pores on the cuticle go forthing the dermis clean and resfreshed and the high temperature besides promotes blood circulation. Crystal SPA Crystal Spa is a watering place installations where visitants can bask organic structure therapy at a nominal charge.There are three huts located here, named as a Sapphire, Topaz and Amethyst.The watering place offers Aromatherapy Massage and Head A ; Shoulder Massage. Top of The World Pool Right at the really Top of the Lost World Hot Springs A ; SPA sits the Top of The World pool.This pool si a Jacuzzi pool. The pampering massage of the H2O jets in our Jacuzzi pool allows for a full scope of curative hydro-massage for musculuss, articulations and force per unit area points.For those Who is peculiarly advisable for invitee who are enduring from musculus, cervix, shoulder and back hurting. The Geyser of Tambun The Geyser of Tambun Sprout thermic hot springs H2O 40 feel up and with elusive illuming effects it exudes a beautiful experience for those who visit at dark. Foot Spa This enique watering place is designed by particular reflexology pebbles are fitted on the floor of the watering place, visitants can walk on the pebbles when basking the hot spring H2O soothing.Reflexology marks pressure points on your pess and by and large helps in emphasis decrease. Saphira`s Bistro To farther heighten the experience in the Lost World Hot Springs A ; SPA, a swim up dining outletknown as Saphira`s Bistro has been built to provide for visitors.This dining mercantile establishment serves from Chicken Stew, Open Sandwiches, Western Style Curry, Salmon Fillet, Salads Saphira`s Special and the Herbal Tea etc. Crystal Pool There is a particular pool called Crystal Pool. This pool is specially designed with crystal tiles that gleams reflecting the sunshine by day.This Pool can besides be in private reserved as a VIP pool. Tiger Valley, The five Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams of the Lost World of Tambun: Sultan, Raima, Putra, Jazz and Azian, and observe their legerity and strength as they jump over stones and logs to acquire to their meats during the tiger eating shows. The last one component is Lost World Petting Zoo, where you will be able to acquire personal with merely some of the menagerie favorites Ruby the raccoon, Nia the Python and Wira the Green Macaw.And besides you can take some clip to walk through the different areans, where you would be able to feed, touch and experience animate beings in their natural home grounds. Question 1 reply Market Strenght The market strength mean that positive factors of the company for illustration the Lost World of Tambun got many market strengths.The Lost World of Tambun is located non excessively far from the chief town of Ipoh.Inside the Lost World they have a assortment of many drives slides cave and other escapades for clients enjoy.The staff must hold a good speaking accomplishments and must all trained good and how to talk a professional English.And the four P`s, the Lost World of Tambun is following the fourP`s People, Promotion, Product and Place, because all those staff are right trained, They have a location is near to most occupants of Ipoh and something they have a publicity tactics for clients or do some events like beach partyaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ Zone of Natural Expansion The Zone of Natural Expansion means, what a company has done with there natural environment to better the farcicalities on the subject park.They can traveling do a hotel, Jungle trekking, suited for all ages.Camping, for those which clients are able to see what it is like to populate out doors, suited for all ages. Brand Positioning and Marketability The Brand Positioning and Marketability companies trade name and their marketability what particular about our trade name and how to sell.The Lost World of Tambun have a Large Assortment of amusement for clients to bask from H2O slides to carnival games.A manner to expose yourself to the natural environment, inside of the Lost World of Tambun there are a batch of attractive forces for clients strictly made out the environment.Natural Resources, the Lost World of Tambun has a batch of natural resources where can construct natural at the minute they are developing a cave where clients can research with enthusiasm. Suggest Stairss to Better Gross saless and Net incomes They have many ways to better gross revenues and net incomes enormously, the Lost World of tambun can better their gross revenues and net incomes easily.They can better in forming more events, by holding more events in a subject park clients will acquire interested and they will come so expression at what event is happening here.And the household bundles besides can better gross revenues and net incomes if they have more household bundles because so more clients will be come The Lost World of Tambun.The last one is Particular Rates, a company puts particular rates for clients due to the lower monetary values more client will be visit the subject park. Suggest How They Can Better Their Business to a Global Scale A company is looking for a manner how to better at that place concern to a planetary graduated table there are many ways which can make so.Example the Travel and Tourss, if the Lost World of Tambun trades with a travel and tour company that can assist bettering at that place concern to the planetary scale.Promotions, by holding a more price reduction this can assist involvement more clients from other metropolis or state.Foreign advertizers, by acquiring foreign advertizers it can assist you advance the subject park in other state. Drumhead Enrtainment The Lost World of Tambun has so many attractive forces, clients are attracted and are willing to pass money semen for playing.The clients can loosen up after a long yearss working or have a romantic meeting in the Crystal Pool where sunshine is reflected from the crystal like tiles at the underside of the pool making a fantastic bombardment of colorss. Good Market Strenght The Lost World of Tambun has so many market strength that consequence their market holding trained staff, nice merchandises, good location and the good promotionfor there clients. Zone of Natural Expansion The Lost World of Tambun holding a batch of natural space.they can assist develop to better there theme park.Building a hotel will assist because during holiday seasons many tourers would see from another metropolis or state.Cave Tracking and Jungle Tracking can both be under there natural resources. Brand placement and marketability The Lost World of Tambun holding a batch of products.Having a good amusement, leisure, natural resources.Family bonding and is a great manner to expose yourself to the natural environment. Suggest stairss to better gross revenues and net incomes A gross revenues and net incomes can impoved in many ways by holding a more events, more bundles and particular rates etc. Suggest how they can better at that place concern to a planetary graduated table The Lost World of Tambun can better at that place concern to a planetary graduated table by negociating with a Tourss company, advancing, foreign investors and travel etc.

Hospital Management System Essay Example

Hospital Management System Essay Hospital Management System Project Report On â€Å"Hospital Management System† Submitted By: 1. Mansi Chitkara. 2. Namita Khandelwal. 3. Avinash Chaporkar. Guided By: Mrs. Kapila Pareek Assistant Professor IIIM, Jaipur. Team Number: 09 International School of Informatics Management Formerly India International Institute of Management 1 Hospital Management System CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Hospital Management System embodies the original work done by Mansi Chitkara, Namita Khandelwal, and Avinash Chaporkar during this project submission as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the System Design Project of Masters of Computer Application IV Semester, of the Rajasthan Technical University, Kota. Swati V. Chande Principal (MCA Department) International School of Informatics and Management Mrs. Kapila Pareek Assistant Professor International School of Informatics and Management 2 Hospital Management System ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The satisfaction that accompanies that the successful completion of any task would be incomplete without the mention of people whose ceaseless cooperation made it possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement crown all efforts with success. We are grateful to our project guide Mrs. Kapila Pareek for the guidance, inspiration and constructive suggestions that helpful us in the preparation of this project. We also thank our colleagues who have helped in successful completion of the project. Mansi Chitkara Namita Khandelwal Avinash Chaporkar 3 Hospital Management System We will write a custom essay sample on Hospital Management System specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Hospital Management System specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Hospital Management System specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1. 1 Purpose 1. 2 Scope 1. 3 Technologies used 1. 4 Overview 2. Overall Description 2. 1 Goals of Proposed System 2. 2 Background 2. 3 Project Requirements 2. 4 User Characteristics 2. 5 Constraints 2. 6 Definition of Problems 2. 7 Alternative Solutions 3. Feasibility Study 3. 1 Technical Feasibility 3. 2 Economical Feasibility 3. 3 Operational Feasibility 3. 4 Schedule Feasibility 4. Data Flow Diagrams 5. Entity Relationship Diagram 6. Data Tables 7. Snapshots 8. Conclusion 9. Bibliography 4 Hospital Management System 1. Introduction 1. 1) Purpose The Software is for the automation of Hospital Management. †¢ It maintains two levels of users:Administrator Level User Level †¢ The Software includes:Maintaining Patient details. Providing Prescription, Precautions and Diet advice. Providing and maintaining all kinds of tests for a patient. Billing and Report generation. 1. 2) Scope It can be used in any Hospital, Clinic, Dispensary or Pathology labs for maintaining patient details and their test results. 1. 3) Technologies to be used This project will be a desktop application to be developed in VB 6. 0 having Ms Access as backend. Database Design (Ms Access) †¢ Form Design (VB 6. 0) †¢ Coding (VB 6. 0) †¢ Testing (VB 6. 0) †¢ Reporting Tool (Data Report) 5 Hospital Management System 1. 4) Overview Project is related to Hospital Management System. The project maintains two levels of users:†¢ Administrator Level-Doctor †¢ User Level-Data Entry Operator Main facilities available in this project are:†¢ Maintaining records of indoor/outdoor patients. †¢ Maintaining patients diagnosis details, advised tests to be done. †¢ Providing different test facilities to a doctor for diagnosis of patients. X-Ray Urine Test Stool Test Sonography Test Gastroscopy Test Colonoscopy Test Blood Test Biochemistry Test †¢ Maintaining patient’s injection entry records. †¢ Maintaining patient’s prescription, medicine and diet advice details. †¢ Providing billing details for indoor/outdoor patients. †¢ Maintaining backup of data as per user requirements (between mentioned dates). †¢ If user forgets his/her password then it can be retrieved by hint question. In this project collection of data is from different pathology labs. Results of tests, prescription, precautions and diet advice will be automatically updated in the database. Related test reports, patient details report, prescription and billing reports can be generated as per user requirements. User or Administrator can search a patient’s record by his/her name or their registration date. Patient’s diet advice can be provided in Hindi. 6 Hospital Management System 2. Overall Description 2. 1) Goals of proposed system 1. Planned approach towards working: The working in the organization will be well planned and organized. The data will be stored properly in data stores, which will help in retrieval of information as well as its storage. 2. Accuracy: The level of accuracy in the proposed system will be higher. All operation would be done correctly and it ensures that whatever information is coming from the center is accurate. 3. Reliability: The reliability of the proposed system will be high due to the above stated reasons. The reason for the increased reliability of the system is that now there would be proper storage of information. 4. No Redundancy: In the proposed system utmost care would be that no information is repeated anywhere, in storage or otherwise. This would assure economic use of storage space and consistency in the data stored. 5. Immediate retrieval of information: The main objective of proposed system is to provide for a quick and efficient retrieval of information. Any type of information would be available whenever the user requires. 6. Immediate storage of information: In manual system there are many problems to store the largest amount of information. 7. Easy to Operate: The system should be easy to operate and should be such that it can be developed within a short period of time and fit in the limited budget of the user. 7 Hospital Management System 2. 2) Background A Hospital is a place where Patients come up for general diseases. Hospitals provide facilities like:Consultation by Doctors on Diseases. Diagnosis for diseases. Providing treatment facility. Facility for admitting Patients (providing beds, nursing, medicines etc. ) Immunization for Patients/Children. Various operational works that are done in a Hospital are:Recording information about the Patients that come. Generating bills. Recording information related to diagnosis given to Patients. Keeping record of the Immunization provided to children/patients. Keeping information about various diseases and medicines available to cure them. These are the various jobs that need to be done in a Hospital by the operational staff and Doctors. All these works are done on papers. The work is done as follows:Information about Patients is done by just writing the Patients name, age and gender. Whenever the Patient comes up his information is stored freshly. Bills are generated by recording price for each facility provided to Patient on a separate sheet and at last they all are summed up. Diagnosis information to patients is generally recorded on the document, which contains Patient information. It is destroyed after some time period to decrease the paper load in the office. Immunization records of children are maintained in pre-formatted sheets, which are kept in a file. Information about various diseases is not kept as any document. Doctors themselves do this job by remembering various medicines. All this work is done manually by the receptionist and other operational staff and lot of papers are needed to be handled and taken care of. Doctors have to remember various medicines available for diagnosis and sometimes miss better alternatives as they can’t remember them at that time. 8 Hospital Management System 2. 3) Project Requirements Hardware Requirements Processor Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV or higher RAM 64 Mb or Higher Software Requirements Operating System Win-98, Win-XP, Linux or any other higher version Database Ms Access Disk Space 130 Mb 2. 4) User Characteristics Every user should be: †¢ Comfortable of working with computer. †¢ He must have knowledge in medical field. †¢ He must also have basic knowledge of English too. 2. 5) Constraints †¢ GUI is only in English. †¢ Login and password is used for identification of user and there is no facility for guest. 9 Hospital Management System 2. 6) Definitions of problems Problems with conventional system 1. Lack of immediate retrievals: -The information is very difficult to retrieve and to find particular information like- E. g. To find out about the patient’s history, the user has to go through various registers. This results in inconvenience and wastage of time. 2. Lack of immediate information storage: The information generated by various transactions takes time and efforts to be stored at right place. 3. Lack of prompt updating: Various changes to information like patient details or immunization details of child are difficult to make as paper work is involved. . Error prone manual calculation: Manual calculations are error prone and take a lot of time this may result in incorrect information. For example calculation of patient’s bill based on various treatments. 5. Preparation of accurate and prompt reports: This becomes a difficult task as information is difficult to collect from various registers. 10 Hospital Management Syste m 2. 7) Alternative Solutions 1. Improved Manual System:One of the alternative solutions is the improvement of the manual system. Anything, which can be done by using automated methods, can be done manually. But the question arises how to perform thing manually in a sound manner. Following are some suggestions, which can be useful in the manual system. A more sophisticate register maintenance for various Patient Information, Doctor diary, Immunization Details and a good system for writing bill amount employees and stock availed for the customers can be maintained at central place. Adequate staff may be maintained so that updations are made at the very moment at the same time. Proper person for proper work should be made responsible so that a better efficiency could be achieved. This needs a lot of work force. 2. Batch System:Another alternative solution can be used of computer based batch system for maintaining the information regarding purchase details, customers and employees. A batch system refers to a system in which data is processed in a periodical basis. The batch system is able to achieve most of the goals and sub goals. But a batch system data is processed in sequential basis. Therefore batch system is not suggested. 3. Online System:This system (HMS) provides online storage/ updations and retrieval facility. This system promises very less or no paper work and also provides help to Doctor and operational staff. In this system everything is stored electronically so very less amount of paper work is required and information can be retrieved very easily without searching here and there into registers. This system is been discussed here. 11 Hospital Management System 3. Feasibility Study Depending on the results of the initial investigation the survey is now expanded to a more detailed feasibility study. â€Å"FEASIBILITY STUDY† is a test of system proposal according to its workability, impact of the organization, ability to meet needs and effective use of the resources. It focuses on these major questions: 1. What are the user’s demonstrable needs and how does a candidate system meet them? 2. What resources are available for given candidate system? 3. What are the likely impacts of the candidate system on the organization? 4. Whether it is worth to solve the problem? During feasibility analysis for this project, following primary areas of interest are to be considered. Investigation and generating ideas about a new system does this. Steps in feasibility analysis Eight steps involved in the feasibility analysis are: Form a project team and appoint a project leader. Prepare system flowcharts. Enumerate potential proposed system. Define and identify characteristics of proposed system. Determine and evaluate performance and cost effective of each proposed system. Weight system performance and cost data. Select the best-proposed system. Prepare and report final project directive to management. 12 Hospital Management System 3. 1) Technical feasibility A study of resource availability that may affect the ability to achieve an acceptable system. This evaluation determines whether the technology needed for the proposed system is available or not. †¢ Can the work for the project be done with current equipment existing software technology available personal? Can the system be upgraded if developed? †¢ If new technology is needed then what can be developed? This is concerned with specifying equipment and software that will successfully satisfy the user requirement. The technical needs of the system may include: Front-end and back-end selection An important issue for the development of a project is the selec tion of suitable front-end and back-end. When we decided to develop the project we went through an extensive study to determine the most suitable platform that suits the needs of the organization as well as helps in development of the project. The aspects of our study included the following factors. Front-end selection: 1. It must have a graphical user interface that assists employees that are not from IT background. 2. Scalability and extensibility. 3. Flexibility. 4. Robustness. 5. According to the organization requirement and the culture. 6. Must provide excellent reporting features with good printing support. 7. Platform independent. 8. Easy to debug and maintain. 9. Event driven programming facility. 10. Front end must support some popular back end like Ms Access. According to the above stated features we selected VB6. as the front-end for developing our project. 13 Hospital Management System Back-end Selection: 1. Multiple user support. 2. Efficient data handling. 3. Provide inherent features for security. 4. Efficient data retrieval and maintenance. 5. Stored procedures. 6. Popularity. 7. Operating System compatible. 8. Easy to install. 9. Various drivers must be available. 10. Easy to implant with the Front-end. Ac cording to above stated features we selected Ms-Access as the backend. The technical feasibility is frequently the most difficult area encountered at this stage. It is essential that the process of analysis and definition be conducted in parallel with an assessment to technical feasibility. It centers on the existing computer system (hardware, software etc. ) and to what extent it can support the proposed system. 3. 2) Economical feasibility Economic justification is generally the â€Å"Bottom Line† consideration for most systems. Economic justification includes a broad range of concerns that includes cost benefit analysis. In this we weight the cost and the benefits associated with the candidate system and if it suits the basic purpose of the organization i. . profit making, the project is making to the analysis and design phase. The financial and the economic questions during the preliminary investigation are verified to estimate the following: †¢ The cost to conduct a full system investigation. 14 Hospital Management System †¢ The cost of hardware and software for the class of application being considered. †¢ The bene fits in the form of reduced cost. †¢ The proposed system will give the minute information, as a result the performance is improved which in turn may be expected to provide increased profits. This feasibility checks whether the system can be developed with the available funds. The Hospital Management System does not require enormous amount of money to be developed. This can be done economically if planned judicially, so it is economically feasible. The cost of project depends upon the number of manhours required. 3. 3) Operational Feasibility It is mainly related to human organizations and political aspects. The points to be considered are: †¢ What changes will be brought with the system? †¢ What organization structures are disturbed? †¢ What new skills will be required? Do the existing staff members have these skills? If not, can they be trained in due course of time? The system is operationally feasible as it very easy for the End users to operate it. It only needs basic information about Windows platform. 3. 4) Schedule feasibility Time evaluation is the most important consideration in the development of project. The time schedule required for the developed of this project is very important since more development time effect machine time, cost and cause delay in the development of other systems. A reliable Hospital Management System can be developed in the considerable amount of time. 5 Hospital Management System 4. Data Flow Diagrams DFD: Level 0 16 Hospital Management System DFD: Level 1 17 Hospital Management System DFD: Level 2 18 Hospital Management System DFD: Level 3 19 Hospital Management System 5. Entity Relationship Diagram login password HMS Login password user do do Login have Admin take write do give write Patient Reg. Login Test Back up do Prescription Test give prescription Patient Reg. 20 Hospital Management System 6. Data Tables 1. Login Table:Field Name User_Name Password Hint_Question Hint_Answer User_Type Data Type Text Text Text Text Text Description . Patient Detail Table:Field Name Registration_No Registration_Date Name Address City TelePhone_Mobile_No Marital_Status Religion Gender Father_Husband_Name Data Type Text Date/Time Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Description 21 Hospital Management System Field Name Status Age Data Type Text Number Description Indoor / Outdoor 3. Patient Diagnosis Table:Field Name Dignosis_No Registration_No Dignosis_Date Provisional_Dignosis Remark BioChemistry Stool Blood Colonoscopy Gastroscopy Urine XRay SONOGRAPHY Others Reconsultation_Advice_Week Reconsultation_Advice_Date FINAL_Diagnosis ECG Data Type Text Text Date/Time Text Text Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Text Text Date/Time Text Yes/No Description Week Wise 22 Hospital Management System 4. Patient Diet Advice Table:Field Name Dignosis_No Diet_Advice Data Type Text Text Description 5. Patient Medicine Table:Field Name Dignosis_No Medicine_No Medicine_Name Precaution Data Type Text Number Text Text Description Medicine Related Hindi Words No_of_Doses Number 6. Patient Injection Dates Table:Field Name Dignosis_No Injection_Date Status Data Type Text Date/Time Text Description Injection Taken or Not 3 Hospital Management System 7. Biochemistry Test Table:Field Name Registration_No Test_Date Glucose_Fasting_R Two_Hr_Pg_Pp Blood_Urea Creatinine S_Cholesterol Total_Protein Albumin Globwlin A_G_Ratio Game_Gt Alkaline_Ptase Bilirubin_Direct Bilirubin_Indirect Bilirubin_Total Sgot Sgpt Half_Hr_Pg_Pp One_Hr_Pg_Pp One_And_Half_Hr_Pg_Pp Data Type Text Date/Time Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text T ext Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Description 70-110 mg % lt; 100 mg % 10-40 mg % 0. 6-1. 5 mg % 130-250 mg % 6. 0-8. 0 gm % 3. 5-5. 0 gm % 2. 3-3. 6 gm % ? . 5 :,-2. 3:1 11-50 UL 10-90 U/L Adult 0. 0-0. 8 mg % 0. 0-0. 6 mg % 0. 2-1. 0 mg % 0-40 U/L 0-40 U/L lt; 110 mg % lt; 160 mg % lt; 140 mg % 24 Hospital Management System Field Name Bun Hdl_Cholesterol Ldl_Cholesterol Vldl_Cholesterol Triglycerides S_Total_Lipids S_Amylase S_Lipase Sodium Potassium Chloride Calcium Ldh_Total Ck_Nac_Activated Ck_Mb_Nac_Activated Uric_Acid Urine_Sugar1 Urine_Sugar2 Urine_Sugar3 Urine_Sugar4 Acid_Ptase Glucose_R_PP T3 Data Type Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Description 8-20 mg % 30-55 mg % 60-165 mg % 0-60 mg % 0-60 mg % 400-700 mg % 25-125 U/L 8-54 Ug/L 136_146 mEq/L 3. 5-5. 0 mEq/L 94-111 mmo I/L 8. 5-11. 0 mg/dl 230-461 U/L 0-190 U/L lt; 12 U/L 4-6 mgdl 0. 3-2. 5 uI U/L 25 Hospital Management System Field Name T4 TSH Data Type Text Text Description 4. 5-12 uI U/L 0. 4-4. 0 uI U/L 8. Blood Test Table:Field Name REGISTRATION_NO TEST_DATE HAEMOGLOBIN TLC Data Type Text Date/Time Text Text Description 13-15 GMS% 4500-10500 CELLS/CU MM DLC , 45-68% DLC , 25-45% DLC , 2-6% DLC , 1-4% DLC , 1-2% DLC 0-10 MM IST Hr NEUTROPHILS LYMPHOCYTES EOSINOPHIL MONOCYTES BASOPHILS OTHERS ESR PERIPHERAL_BLOOD_FILM_1 PERIPHERAL_BLOOD_FILM_2 HAEMATOCRIT_PCV TOTAL_RBC PLATELETS COLOUR_INDEX Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text MIL/C. MM CU. MM 26 Hospital Management System Field Name MCHC MCV MCH TEC VEC PARACYTES BLOOD_GROUPING RH_FACTOR RH_ANTIBODY_TILER DIRECT INDIRECT PLASMA_FIBRINOGEN HIV HBSAG WIDAL FOETAL_HAEMOGLOBIN RETICULOCYTES BLEEDING_TIME_MIN BLEEDING_TIME_SEC CLOTING_TIME_MIN CLOTING_TIME_SEC PROTHROMBIN_TIME_CONTRO L SECS_PATIENT_1 Data Type Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Description FI PG CU. MM 150-400 mg% Text 27 Hospital Management System Field Name SECS_PATIENT_2 PTTK_CONTROL HAEMOLYSIS_START_FROM SALINE_COMPLETE_AT CLOT_RETRACTION_TIME_CRT LE_CELLS ESR_PLATELETS Data Type Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Description 9. Colonoscopy Test Table:Field Name REGISTRATION_NO TEST_DATE ANAL_CANAL RECTUM SIGMOID_COLON DESCENDING_COLON SPLENIC_FLEXURE TRANSVERSE_COLON HEPATIC_FLEXURE ASCENDING_COLON CAECUM TERMINAL_ILEUM Data Type Text Date/Time Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Description 28 Hospital Management System Field Name BIOPSY OPINION_1 OPINION_2 Data Type Text Text Text Description 10. Gastroscopy Test Table:Field Name Registration_No Test_Date Esophgus Fundus Corpus Antrum Blub First_Part Second_Part Biopsy Opinion_First Pylorospasm Biliary_Reflux Gut_Hypomotility Opinion_second Data Type Text Date/Time Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Description Esophgus Stomach Stomach Stomach Deuodenum Deuodenum Deuodenum 29 Hospital Management System 1. Sonography Test Table:Field Name Registration_No Test_Date L_Size L_Echotexture Focal_Pathology Ihbr Pv Cbd G_Size Wall_Thickness Lumen P_Size P_Shape P_Echotexture S_Size S_Shape S_Echotexture K_Size_Rt K_Size_Lt K_Shape_Rt K_Shape_Lt Data Type Text Date/Time Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Description Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Liver Gall Bladder Gall Bladder Gall Bladder Pancreas Pancreas Pancreas Spleen Spleen Spleen Kidneys Kidneys Kidneys Kidneys 30 Hospital Management System Field Name K_Cortex_Rt K_Cortex_Lt K_Corticomedullary_Differentiation_Rt K_Corticomedullary_Differentiation_Lt K_Pcs_Rt K_Pcs_Lt K_Calculus_Rt K_Calculus_Lt Aorta Data Type Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Description Kidneys Kidneys Kidneys Kidneys Kidneys Kidneys Kidneys Kidneys Petroperitoneal Structures Petroperitoneal Structures Petroperitoneal Structures Petroperitoneal Structures Petroperitoneal Structures Urinary Bladder Urinary Bladder Urinary Bladder Urinary Bladder Urinary Bladder Prostate Prostate Ivc Text Pre_Paraortic_Lymphadenopathy Text Fluid_In_Peritoneal_Cavity Text Visualised_Bowel Text U_Status U_Wall_Thickness U_Calculus Prevoid_Urinary_Vol Postvoid_Urinary_Vol Pr_Size Pr_Echotexture Text Text Text Text Text Text Text 31 Hospital Management System Field Name Pr_Capsule U_Size U_Position U_Echotexture U_E_Cavity U_Endometrium O_Size_Rt O_Size_Lt O_Shape_Rt O_Shape_Lt O_Echotexture_Rt O_Echotexture_Lt O_Adenexal_Mass_Rt O_Adenexal_Mass_Lt Free_Fluid_In_Pouch_Douglas Impression Data Type Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Description Prostate Uterus Uterus Uterus Uterus Uterus Ovaries Ovaries Ovaries Ovaries Ovaries Ovaries Ovaries Ovaries Ovaries 12. Stool Test Table:Field Name Registration_No Test_Date Color Consistency Data Type Text Date/Time Text Text Description Physical Physical 32 Hospital Management System Field Name Mucus Blood Wbc_Hpf Rbc_Hpf Mecrophages Trophozoite P_Ova P_Cyst C_Ova C_Cyst Occult_Blood Ph Red_Sub Data Type Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Description Physical Physical Micoscopic Micoscopic Micoscopic Parasites Parasites Parasites Concentration Method Concentration Method Special Test Special Test Special Test 13. Urine Table Field Name REGISTRATION_NO TEST_DATE APPEARANCE SP_GRAVITY REACTION ALBUMIN SUGAR Data Type Text Date/Time Text Text Text Text Text Description ROUTINE ROUTINE ROUTINE ROUTINE ,mg% ROUTINE 33 Hospital Management System Field Name RBCS_HPE WBCS_HPF EPITH_CELLS_HPF CRYSTAILS_HPF CAST_HPF AMORPHOUS_SEDIMENTS SPERMATOZOA OTHERS BILE_SALT BILE_PIGMENT UROBILINOGEN_HPF PORPHOBILINOGEN ACETONE OCCULT_BLOOD PKU BECE_JONES_PROTEINS AMINO_ACID 24HRS_URINARY_PROTEIN 24HRS_URINARY_17_KETOST ERIOD 24HRS_URINVARY_VMA TOTAL_VALUE PREGNANCY_TEST Data Type Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Description MICROSCOPIC MICROSCOPIC MICROSCOPIC MICROSCOPIC MICROSCOPIC MICROSCOPIC MICROSCOPIC MICROSCOPIC SPECIAL_TEST SPECIAL_TEST SPECIAL_TEST SPECIAL_TEST SPECIAL_TEST SPECIAL_TEST SPECIAL_TEST SPECIAL_TEST SPECIAL_TEST SPECIAL_TEST SPECIAL_TEST Text Text Text SPECIAL_TEST SPECIAL_TEST SPECIAL_TEST 34 Hospital Management System 14. USG Table Field Name Registration_No Test_Date LIV LIV1 LIV2 GALL GALL1 COMM COMM1 PORT PORT1 PAN PAN1 SPLE SPLE1 KIDN KIDN1 KIDN2 RK LK BOTH BOTH1 Data Type Number Date/Time Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Description 35 Hospital Management System Field Name URIN URIN1 N N1 UTER LONG ANTE TRAN N3 ADNE OTH ECHO Data Type Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Description 15. X-Ray Table Field Name Registration_No Test_Date X_Ray_Name Remark_1 Remark_2 Remark_3 Remark_4 Remark_5 Data Type Text Date/Time Text Text Text Text Text Text Description 36 Hospital Management System Field Name Remark_6 Remark_7 Remark_8 Remark_9 Remark_10 Remark_11 Opinion Data Type Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Description 16. X-Ray Values Table Field Name X_Ray_Name Remark_1 Remark_2 Remark_3 Remark_4 Remark_5 Remark_6 Remark_7 Remark_8 Remark_9 Remark_10 Remark_11 Opinion Data Type Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Description 37 Hospital Management System 17. Patient Fee Table Field Name Receipt_No Registartion_No Receipt_Date F_Total_Fees W_Total_Fees Receipt_Name Dignosios_Fees XRay_Fees ECG_Fees Lab_Test_Fees Gastroscopy_Fees USG_Fees Indoor_Injection_Fees Colonoscopy_Fees Data Type Text Text Date/Time Number Text Text Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Total Fees in Figure Total Fees in Words SELF / Cheque Description 8 Hospital Management System 7. Snapshots 1. Login Form 2. Home Page 39 Hospital Management System 3. Patient Entry Form 4. Prescription Entry Form 40 Hospital Management System 5. Patient Diagnosis History Form 6. Patient Injection Entry Form 41 Hospital Management System 7. Patient Receipt Entry Form 8. Accumulated Receipt Form 42 Hospital Management System 9. P atient Receipt Query Form 10. Gastroscopy Test Form 43 Hospital Management System 11. Biochemistry Test Form 12. Colonoscopy Test Form 44 Hospital Management System 13. Blood Test Form 14. Stool Test Form 45 Hospital Management System 15. Sonography Test Form 16. X-Ray Form 46 Hospital Management System 17. Urine Test Form 18. Test Reports Form 47 Hospital Management System 19. Search By Name Form 20. Search By Date Form 48 Hospital Management System 8. Conclusion The project Hospital Management System (HMS) is for computerizing the working in a hospital. The software takes care of all the requirements of an average hospital and is capable to provide easy and effective storage of information related to patients that come up to the hospital. It generates test reports; provide prescription details including various tests, diet advice, and medicines prescribed to patient and doctor. It also provides injection details and billing facility on the basis of patient’s status whether it is an indoor or outdoor patient. The system also provides the facility of backup as per the requirement. 49 Hospital Management System 9. Bibliography 1. Mastering VB 6. 0 2. SMS hospital. 50

buy custom A Forecast for Medicare Reform essay

buy custom A Forecast for Medicare Reform essay In early December 2003, the then president of the United States George W.Bush won the approval of the Congress for the implementation of Medicare Modernization Act (MMA) and he signed it into law on 8th December the same year in order to extend the endangered life the countrys Medicare programming. MMA is a major reform of the government sponsored program for health insurance covering American citizens aged 65 years and above, those less than 65 years and are physically disabled, and other citizens having special needs(Marilyn 2006). Significant Parts of MMA legislation involved the passage of various Pay for Performance (P4P) incentives and implementation of Part D (Prescription Drug Insurance). This legislation is famous as a far-reaching and significant overhaul of United States Medicare program to date. In the future, the MMA legislation will have diverse impacts on the Medicare program life. First, this Act provided an expansion of the Medicare program through the creation of part D that include entire coverage of the outpatients prescription medicines. This expansion will have diverse and far-reaching impacts to the life of Medicare program. The seniors where almost all of them are very eligible for the new coverage and entire tax payers population will be greatly affected as the implementation costs of this legislation are quite prohibitive and continue on increasing. For instance, the Congress had initially pledged only $400 billion over a period of ten years to pay for the benefits costs of this legislation. This is merely a small down pament on the entire cost of this legislation cost, which could increase to trillions of US dollars. One study provides predictions that spending on health care in United States will increase to be 20% of the countrys GDP by 2015 ,growing from approximately $2 trillion in year 2005 to approximately $4 trillion by year 2015(Rick Robert , 2006).As a result, taxpayers will continue to experience increased premiums over the years. Thus, a lot of criticism for this legislation will be experienced which will halt the life of the Medicare program. Moreover, the MMA is showing very clear commitments to the entire private market to give solutions to various social problems, and this legislation will eventually shift all the costs from United States government and American employers to employees and individual citizens, particularly the elderly citizens. This is further affirmed by a recent study issue by actuaries and economists at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. It estimated that by year 2014,spending by the public sector on the health care will eventually account for approximately 50% of entire health care spending in United States which is an increase from 45.7% in year 2004(McClellan 2006). The study further stated that, this shift from United States private sector to Public sector is as a resulted of MMA legislation .This will negatively impact the life of Medicare. The addition of prescription drugs benefits to the Medicare program that aids only one population segment, however deserving, leads to many qquestions about the intergenerational inequity and about the disproportionate allocation of resources. This will lead to a lot of criticism by the younger generation who will condemn the ever-growing deductions of their income being allocated to finance this Medicare program. Thus, the projected costs of this MMA program will be seen as life threatening to the working generations who have no access to this health care. They will try hard to condemn and remove this Medicare program thus affecting its life. The funding of the Medicare program will be greatly affected by the retirement of many baby boomers in United States over the coming thirty years .This is because the share of public sector in costs for health care will exacerbate due to massive retirement of most of the financiers (Berenson Bryan, 2004). Thus, MMA will affect the life of the Medicare program, as funding for the ever-increasing costs will experience a major blow in future which might extinct the Medicare program life. Thus, the MMA authorizes additional health care expenditures with minimal limitations. The changes to the current Medicare legislation that will extend the life of the program beyond 2026 include Improvement of Medicare financing through implementation of different means to mitigate high financing burden left to the taxpayers. In addition, Medicare budget should be aggressively controlled to eliminate any loopholes and expenditures, which are unnecessary thus reducing program costs. Finally, more awareness on the importance of Medicare program to the society members should be done through seminars and mass media. Buy custom A Forecast for Medicare Reform essay

Family Centered Care Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Family Centered Care Case Study - Essay Example This ideology draws on theoretical backgrounds in the humanistic approach in nursing as well as the interpersonal approach also. The current scenario in this literature follows a case study where a family member has died in ICU quite suddenly and despite the high quality of care the nurses who were in charge of the patient have given there was no reliable way to tell the patient was not going to make it. Thus the proponent of care and concern falls on paying considerable attention to the family's needs following this unforeseen event. There is agreement that patients with life-threatening illnesses, including progressive malignancies, need appropriate therapy and treatment throughout the course of illness. At one stage, therapy is directed toward assessment and intervention in order to control and/or to cure such illness and alleviate associated symptoms. For some persons, however the time comes when cure and remission are beyond current medical expertise. It is then that the intervention must shift to what is now often termed 'palliative treatment,' which is designed to control pain in the broadest sense and provide personal support for patients and family during the terminal phase of illness. In general, palliative care requires limited use of apparatus and technology, extensive personal care, and an ordering of the physical and social environment to be therapeutic in itself. Th There are, as it were, two complementary systems of treatment which may often overlap: One system is concerned with eliminating a curable disease and the other with relieving the symptoms resulting from the relentless progress of an incurable illness. There must be openness, interchange, and overlap between the two systems so that the patient receives continuous appropriate care. The patient should not be subjected to aggressive treatment that offers no hope of being effective in curing or controlling the disease and may only cause further distress. Obviously, the clinician must be on the alert for any shifts that may occur in the course of a terminal illness, which make the patient again a candidate for active treatment. Patients suffer not only from inappropriate active care, but also from inept terminal care. This is well documented by studies that only confirm what dying patients and their families know at first hand. These principles have been prepared as an aid to those who ha ve initiated or are planning programs for the terminally ill in delineating standards of care. General Assumptions and Principles in the Care and Commitment to the Terminally Ill Patient and the Family The care of the dying is a process involving needs of the patient, family, and caregivers. The interaction of these three groups of individuals must constantly be assessed with the aim being the best possible care of the patient. This cannot be accomplished, however, if the needs of the family and/or caregiver are negated (Dickenson & Johnson 1993, pg. 76). The problems of the patient-family facing terminal illness include a wide variety of issues: psychological, legal, social, spiritual, economic, and interpersonal. Care requires collaboration of many disciplines working as an integrated clinical team, meeting for frequent discussions, and with commonness of purpose. Dying tends to produce a feeling